c perfringens type c strain atcc 3628  (ATCC)

Journal: IDCases

Article Title: An autopsy case of gas gangrene, massive intravascular hemolysis, and cytokine storm due to Clostridium perfringens type A infection

doi: 10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e02085

Figure Lengend Snippet: Patient with lethal Clostridium perfringens infection with massive intravascular hemolysis and gas gangrene. (a) Serum of the patient at presentation. (b) Abdominal computed tomography (CT) images obtained at presentation (left panel), 1.5 h (middle panel), and 2.5 h after death (right panel). The lesion in the right lobe of the liver, initially seen as a low-density area at presentation (left panel), was replaced by a gas-filled cavity 1.5 h later (middle panel). A postmortem CT scan revealed rapid and massive expansion of gas-filled cavities in the right and left lobes of the liver (right panel).

Article Snippet: Genomic PCRs targeting CPA, CPB, ETX, ITX, CPE, NetB, PFO, and ColA were performed using bacterial DNA of C. perfringens isolated from the patient’s blood and a commercially available type A strain of C. perfringens (JCM#1290; RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan).

Techniques: Infection, Computed Tomography

Journal: IDCases

Article Title: An autopsy case of gas gangrene, massive intravascular hemolysis, and cytokine storm due to Clostridium perfringens type A infection

doi: 10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e02085

Figure Lengend Snippet: Host cytokine responses against Clostridium perfringens isolated from this case. (a) Toxin profiles of Clostridium perfringens isolated from the patient and a commercially available type A strain (JCM#1290). The leftmost lane represents the 100-bp DNA ladder. Agarose gel electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products revealed that C. perfringens isolated from the patient expressed CPA, PFO, and ColA, but not CPE. CPA, C. perfringens α toxin; PFO, perfringolysin O; ColA, collagenase. (b) Profiles of serum cytokines and chemokines. Cytokine and chemokine arrays revealed heightened proinflammatory responses in the patient serum. CCL2; C-C chemokine ligand 2, CXCL8; C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8, G-CSF; granulocyte-colony stimulating factor. (c) Toll-like receptors (TLRs) involved in the production of proinflammatory cytokines by C. perfringens . Splenocytes prepared from C57BL/6 mice or mice deficient in TLR2 and/or TLR4 were stimulated with heat-killed C. perfringens . IL-6 mRNA expression was expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean. * * P < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Genomic PCRs targeting CPA, CPB, ETX, ITX, CPE, NetB, PFO, and ColA were performed using bacterial DNA of C. perfringens isolated from the patient’s blood and a commercially available type A strain of C. perfringens (JCM#1290; RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan).

Techniques: Isolation, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing

Journal: MicrobiologyOpen

Article Title: Recombinant Limosilactobacillus ( Lactobacillus ) delivering nanobodies against Clostridium perfringens NetB and alpha toxin confers potential protection from necrotic enteritis

doi: 10.1002/mbo3.1270

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibitory activity of L. reuteri 3632 (a) and L. reuteri 3630 (b) against C. perfringens in an agar overlay assay. The data are representative of three independent experiments

Article Snippet: Fresh C. perfringens (strain CL‐15, Type A, α and β2 toxins) challenge inoculum was prepared every day from a stock culture in fluid thioglycollate broth overnight at 35°C under anaerobic conditions by Microbial Research Inc. C. perfringens was administered by oral gavage at a target dose of approximately 1 × 10 8 CFUs/ml (1 ml/chick) on 17, and 18 days of age.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Overlay Assay

Journal: MicrobiologyOpen

Article Title: Recombinant Limosilactobacillus ( Lactobacillus ) delivering nanobodies against Clostridium perfringens NetB and alpha toxin confers potential protection from necrotic enteritis

doi: 10.1002/mbo3.1270

Figure Lengend Snippet: Neutralization of NetB activity by L. reuteri secreted Nbs. (a) A twofold dilution series of precipitated VHH antibodies (5 µM) was preincubated with recombinant NetB, after which 1% chicken erythrocytes was added. The optical density of 100% hemolysis was obtained by diluting the chicken erythrocytes in distilled water. As a control, chicken erythrocytes were incubated with NetB, but without Nbs was used. This resulted in 100% hemolysis (OD 570 = 0.54). A NetB positive control (NetB in PBS) resulted in a mean OD 570 of 0.52 and a PBS negative control (PBS with no NetB and Nbs) yielded a mean OD 570 of 0.05. As the initial amounts of L. reuteri and E. coli purified Nbs used for the assay were different, normalized OD 570 values are shown. (b) Western blot analysis binding of anti‐NetB Nb to NetB in the culture supernatant from different C. perfringens clinical isolates. 1, Ladder; 2, NetB positive control (5 µg); 3, C. perfringens JP1011 overnight culture supernatant (10 µl); 4, C. perfringens JP1011 overnight culture supernatant, 10× concentrated (10 µl); 5, C. perfringens JP1011 mid‐log culture supernatant (10 µl); 6, C. perfringens JP1011 midleg culture supernatant, 10× concentrated (10 µl); 7, C. perfringens CP1‐1 overnight culture supernatant (10 µl). The data represent the mean ± SD of the results of three independent experiments. Nbs, nanobodies; PBS, phosphate‐buffered saline; VHH, Variable domain of the Heavy chain of Heavy chain

Article Snippet: Fresh C. perfringens (strain CL‐15, Type A, α and β2 toxins) challenge inoculum was prepared every day from a stock culture in fluid thioglycollate broth overnight at 35°C under anaerobic conditions by Microbial Research Inc. C. perfringens was administered by oral gavage at a target dose of approximately 1 × 10 8 CFUs/ml (1 ml/chick) on 17, and 18 days of age.

Techniques: Neutralization, Activity Assay, Recombinant, Control, Incubation, Positive Control, Negative Control, Purification, Western Blot, Binding Assay, Saline

Journal: MicrobiologyOpen

Article Title: Recombinant Limosilactobacillus ( Lactobacillus ) delivering nanobodies against Clostridium perfringens NetB and alpha toxin confers potential protection from necrotic enteritis

doi: 10.1002/mbo3.1270

Figure Lengend Snippet: Efficacy of NE01 and NE06 on reduction of NE‐associated mortality. Efficacy of NE01 and NE06 was evaluated using a dual challenge model using Eimeria maxima and C. perfringens challenge as described in Section . Chickens that died postchallenge phase between 18 (after challenge with C. perfringens ) and 28 days of age were necropsied, cause of death was listed as NE‐related or non‐NE‐related mortality, and % NE mortality was calculated. a p < 0.05; b p < 0.05; c p = 0.15. CFU, colony‐forming unit; NE, necrotic enteritis

Article Snippet: Fresh C. perfringens (strain CL‐15, Type A, α and β2 toxins) challenge inoculum was prepared every day from a stock culture in fluid thioglycollate broth overnight at 35°C under anaerobic conditions by Microbial Research Inc. C. perfringens was administered by oral gavage at a target dose of approximately 1 × 10 8 CFUs/ml (1 ml/chick) on 17, and 18 days of age.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Bacillus subtilis DSM29784 Alleviates Negative Effects on Growth Performance in Broilers by Improving the Intestinal Health Under Necrotic Enteritis Challenge

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.723187

Figure Lengend Snippet: The jejunum histomorphology of broilers infected with Clostridium perfringens .

Article Snippet: The C. perfringens type-A strain (American Type Culture Collection 13124) was obtained from the Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (Guangzhou, China).

Techniques: Infection

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Bacillus subtilis DSM29784 Alleviates Negative Effects on Growth Performance in Broilers by Improving the Intestinal Health Under Necrotic Enteritis Challenge

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.723187

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Representative haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained images (top, scale bars=80μm); (B) Scanning electron micrograph (bottom, scale bars=500μm); and (C) Transmission electron microscopy (bottom, scale bars=0.2μm) of jejunal mucosal surface of broilers orally treated with or without coccidia and Clostridium perfringens infection. Vh, Villus height; Vd, Villus density; TJ, tight junction; AJ, adherens junction; DS, desmosomes. Shows the pathological (asterisk). Numerous enterocytes show all the features of necrotic cell death (blue arrows). Ctr group, basal diet in control group; SNE group, basal diet+SNE (20-fold dose coccidiosis vaccine)+1ml of Clostridium perfringens (2×10 8 cfu/ml coinfection); BST group, basal diet (days 1–21)+1×10 9 colony-forming units (cfu)/kg BS diet (days 22–63)+SNE.

Article Snippet: The C. perfringens type-A strain (American Type Culture Collection 13124) was obtained from the Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (Guangzhou, China).

Techniques: Staining, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Infection, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Bacillus subtilis DSM29784 Alleviates Negative Effects on Growth Performance in Broilers by Improving the Intestinal Health Under Necrotic Enteritis Challenge

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.723187

Figure Lengend Snippet: Changes in relative expression of claudin-1 , occluding , and muc-2 in the jejunum. Data are means±standard error ( n =6). a,b Mean values within a row with no common superscript differ significantly ( p <0.05). Ctr group, basal diet in control group; SNE group, basal diet + SNE (20-fold dose coccidiosis vaccine)+1ml of Clostridium perfringens (2×10 8 cfu/ml coinfection); BST group, basal diet (days 1–21)+1×10 9 colony-forming units (cfu)/kg BS diet (days 22–63)+SNE. Muc-2 , mucin 2 .

Article Snippet: The C. perfringens type-A strain (American Type Culture Collection 13124) was obtained from the Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (Guangzhou, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Bacillus subtilis DSM29784 Alleviates Negative Effects on Growth Performance in Broilers by Improving the Intestinal Health Under Necrotic Enteritis Challenge

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.723187

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytokine levels in the jejunum. Bars with different letters significantly differ on the basis of Turkey’s multiple range tests ( p <0.05). Data are presented as mean±SEM ( n =8). sIgA, secretory IgA; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; IFN-γ, interferon-gamma. Ctr group, basal diet in control group; SNE group, basal diet+SNE (20-fold dose coccidiosis vaccine)+1ml of Clostridium perfringens (2×10 8 cfu/ml coinfection); BST group, basal diet (days 1–21)+1×10 9 colony-forming units (cfu)/kg BS diet (days 22–63)+SNE.

Article Snippet: The C. perfringens type-A strain (American Type Culture Collection 13124) was obtained from the Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (Guangzhou, China).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Bacillus subtilis DSM29784 Alleviates Negative Effects on Growth Performance in Broilers by Improving the Intestinal Health Under Necrotic Enteritis Challenge

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.723187

Figure Lengend Snippet: Levels of apoptosis-related proteins [caspase-3 (A) , bcl2 (B) , and bax (C) ] in the jejunum. Bars with different letters significantly differ on the basis of Turkey’s multiple range tests ( p <0.05). Data are presented as mean±SEM ( n =8). Ctr group, basal diet in control group; SNE group, basal diet+SNE (20-fold dose coccidiosis vaccine)+1ml of Clostridium perfringens (2×10 8 cfu/ml coinfection); BST group, basal diet (days 1–21)+1×10 9 colony-forming units (cfu)/kg BS diet (days 22–63)+SNE.

Article Snippet: The C. perfringens type-A strain (American Type Culture Collection 13124) was obtained from the Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (Guangzhou, China).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Bacillus subtilis DSM29784 Alleviates Negative Effects on Growth Performance in Broilers by Improving the Intestinal Health Under Necrotic Enteritis Challenge

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.723187

Figure Lengend Snippet: The caecal bacterial community of broilers fed with dietary Bacillus subtilis DSM 29784 supplementation among Ctr, SNE and BST treatments. (A) Rarefaction curve for total OTUs; (B) α-Diversity of gut microbial was analyzed among Ctr, SNE, and BST treatments by determination of principal dimension ACE, chao1, Shannon, and Simpson indices; (C) Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis of gut microbiota at the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level; (D) Cladogram; and (E) LDA value distribution histogram. Bacterial taxa significantly differentiated among Ctr, SNE, and BST treatments identified by linear discriminant analysis coupled with effect size (LEfSe) using the default parameters. Bacterial taxa with LDA score>3 are selected as biomarker taxa (p: phylum level; c: class level; o: order level; f: family level; g: genus level). Ctr group, basal diet in control group; SNE group, basal diet+SNE (20-fold dose coccidiosis vaccine)+1ml of Clostridium perfringens (2×10 8 cfu/ml coinfection); BST group, basal diet (days 1–21)+1×10 9 colony-forming units (cfu)/kg BS diet (days 22–63)+SNE.

Article Snippet: The C. perfringens type-A strain (American Type Culture Collection 13124) was obtained from the Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (Guangzhou, China).

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Bacillus subtilis DSM29784 Alleviates Negative Effects on Growth Performance in Broilers by Improving the Intestinal Health Under Necrotic Enteritis Challenge

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.723187

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Principal component analysis (PCA) score plots (R2X=0.534, Q2=0.252), (B) projections to latent structure-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) score plots (R2X=0.52, R2Y=0.987, Q2=0.651), (C) permutation test of PLS-DA, and (D) orthogonal projections to latent structure-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) score plots (R2X=0.52, R2Y=0.987, Q2=0.507). Blue pentagon: SNE; red triangle: BST, green circle: R2; blue square: Q2. The dashed line represents the regression line for R2 and Q2; (E) Heatmap of metabolites in cecal contents between BST vs. SNE groups. The relative values for each of these metabolites are indicated by color intensity with the legend indicated at the right of the figure. Red and blue represent higher and reduced concentrations of metabolites in the BST and SNE groups; (F) Bubble (up) and (G) bar (down) charts of top 20 most KEGG enrichment analysis of the differential metabolites between BST vs. SNE groups. “Rich factor” means that the ratio of the DEMs number and the number of metabolites have been annotated in this pathway. The greater of the Rich factor, the greater the degree of enrichment (bubble chart); along x -axis values represents enrichment ratio. The horizontal axis represents the number of count, the corresponding value of p in brackets, and the vertical axis is pathway name (bar charts). Ctr group, basal diet in control group; SNE group, basal diet+SNE (20-fold dose coccidiosis vaccine) +1ml of Clostridium perfringens (2×10 8 cfu/ml coinfection); BST group, basal diet (days 1–21)+1×10 9 colony-forming units (cfu)/kg BS diet (days 22–63)+SNE.

Article Snippet: The C. perfringens type-A strain (American Type Culture Collection 13124) was obtained from the Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (Guangzhou, China).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Bacillus subtilis DSM29784 Alleviates Negative Effects on Growth Performance in Broilers by Improving the Intestinal Health Under Necrotic Enteritis Challenge

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.723187

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlations of metabolome and microbiota in cecal contents according to the Spearman correlation coefficient distribution (SNE vs. BS). * p >0.01 and p <0.05; *** p <0.01. Ctr group, basal diet in control group; SNE group, basal diet + SNE (20-fold dose coccidiosis vaccine) +1ml of Clostridium perfringens (2×10 8 cfu/ml coinfection); BST group, basal diet (days 1–21)+1×10 9 colony-forming units (cfu)/kg BS diet (days 22–63)+SNE.

Article Snippet: The C. perfringens type-A strain (American Type Culture Collection 13124) was obtained from the Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (Guangzhou, China).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Bacillus subtilis DSM29784 Alleviates Negative Effects on Growth Performance in Broilers by Improving the Intestinal Health Under Necrotic Enteritis Challenge

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.723187

Figure Lengend Snippet: Graphical summary of the effect of probiotic Bacillus subtilis DSM29784 (BS) exerts a protective effect against subclinical necrotic enteritis in broilers. BS reduces the risk of declined growth performance in chickens with SNE by enhancing exoenzyme secretion, intestinal barrier functions, and promoting the presence of beneficial commensal microorganisms and their metabolites in the intestine. SNE, subclinical enteritis; sIgA, secretory immunoglobulin A; CP, Clostridium perfringens ; TJ, tight junction; AJ, adherens junction; DS, desmosomes. Ctr group, basal diet in control group; SNE group, basal diet+SNE (20-fold dose coccidiosis vaccine) +1ml of Clostridium perfringens (2×10 8 cfu/ml coinfection); BST group, basal diet (days 1–21)+1×10 9 colony-forming units (cfu)/kg BS diet (days 22–63)+SNE.

Article Snippet: The C. perfringens type-A strain (American Type Culture Collection 13124) was obtained from the Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (Guangzhou, China).

Techniques: Control